PHILADELPHIA – A federal appeals court yesterday threw out a $550,000 indecency fine against CBS Corp. for the 2004 Super Bowl halftime show that ended with Janet Jackson's breast-baring “wardrobe malfunction.”
The three-judge panel of the 3rd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled the Federal Communications Commission “acted arbitrarily and capriciously” in issuing the fine for the fleeting image of nudity. The 90 million people watching the Super Bowl, many of them children, heard Justin Timberlake sing, “Gonna have you naked by the end of this song,” as he reached for Jackson's bustier.
The court found the FCC deviated from its nearly 30-year practice of fining indecent broadcast programming only when it was so “pervasive as to amount to 'shock treatment' for the audience. . . . Like any agency, the FCC may change its policies without judicial second-guessing,” the court said. “But it cannot change a well-established course of action without supplying notice of and a reasoned explanation for its policy departure.”
The 3rd Circuit judges – Chief Judge Anthony J. Scirica, Judge Marjorie O. Rendell and Judge Julio M. Fuentes – also ruled that the FCC deviated from its long-held approach of applying identical standards to words and images when reviewing complaints of indecency.
“The Commission's determination that CBS' broadcast of a nine-sixteenths of one second glimpse of a bare female breast was actionably indecent evidenced the agency's departure from its prior policy,” the court found. “Its orders constituted the announcement of a policy change – that fleeting images would no longer be excluded from the scope of actionable indecency.”
In a statement, FCC Chairman Kevin Martin said: “I am surprised by today's decision and disappointed for families and parents.”
Martin didn't say whether the ruling would be appealed to the Supreme Court, but many expect it will be, given the importance the FCC has placed on the case.
“I continue to believe this incident was inappropriate, and this only highlights the importance of the Supreme Court's consideration of our indecency rules this fall,” Martin's statement said.
In a statement yesterday, CBS said it hoped the decision “will lead the FCC to return to the policy of restrained indecency enforcement it followed for decades. . . . This is an important win for the entire broadcasting industry because it recognizes that there are rare instances, particularly during live programming, when it may not be possible to block unfortunate fleeting material,” the network said.
Andrew Jay Schwartzman of the Media Access Project, which filed a friend-of-the-court brief on behalf of a group of TV writers, directors and producers, said the ruling “is an important advance for preserving creative freedom on the air.”
Tim Winter of the watchdog organization Parents Television Council said the court's decision “borders on judicial stupidity. . . . If a striptease during the Super Bowl in front of 90 million people . . . doesn't fit the parameters of broadcast indecency, then what does?” Winter said in a statement.
